The Beauty of Kamakura Period Expressed Through the National Treasure Butterfly Mother-of-Pearl Maki-e Box

Nestled in the quiet residential area of Shirokanedai, Tokyo, the Ebara Hatakeyama Museum houses one of the most beautiful works in Japanese craft history - the National Treasure "Butterfly Mother-of-Pearl Maki-e Cosmetic Box." Created in the 13th century during the Kamakura period, this box masterfully combines three sophisticated decorative techniques: gold maki-e, mother-of-pearl inlay (raden), and silver heidatsu, truly deserving to be called a "living jewel box."

Structure and Decorative Techniques

This impressive box measures 26.4cm in height, 35.1cm in width, and 21.2cm in depth, crafted using the aikuchi-zukuri technique. This structure, where the lid and body fit perfectly together, remains precisely aligned even after nearly 800 years. The decoration applied over black lacquer depicts butterflies and peonies in gold powder maki-e, expresses wing patterns with luminescent mother-of-pearl inlay, and arranges arabesque patterns in silver plates.

Particularly noteworthy is the arrangement of shell pieces used in the mother-of-pearl work. The nacre pieces, harvested from abalone and nautilus shells, are each positioned at different angles, creating iridescent reflections when catching light. This calculated play of light creates a dynamic sense that the butterflies might take flight at any moment.

Why It Was Designated as a National Treasure

On February 19, 1957, this box was designated as a National Treasure. The reason extends beyond its technical perfection. It was recognized as a work that brilliantly fused the aesthetic sensibilities of both aristocratic and warrior cultures during the Kamakura period, a tumultuous era when Japan was transitioning from aristocratic to military rule. While inheriting the delicate and elegant traditions of the Heian period, it also embodies the strength and dignity of warrior society, truly symbolizing this pivotal moment in history.

Symbolic Meaning and Eternal Beauty

The paired butterflies symbolize marital harmony, and butterflies that transform into beautiful forms represent Buddhist concepts of reincarnation and the soul's journey. Peonies, known as the "King of Flowers," symbolize honor and wealth, while the continuous arabesque patterns represent infinite beauty. These elements combine to create an artwork with deep spirituality that transcends its function as a mere cosmetic container.

Traditional Techniques Living in the Modern Era

The techniques used in this box continue to be passed down through generations. Living National Treasure Kazumi Murose not only restores contemporary pieces but also creates new works. Additionally, the French luxury jewelry brand Van Cleef & Arpels collaborates with Japanese lacquer artists, applying traditional techniques to butterfly-motif jewelry. The 800-year-old technology breathes new life into modern creative expression.

Viewing Experience at Ebara Hatakeyama Museum

The Ebara Hatakeyama Museum, which reopened in October 2024 after renovation, is conveniently located just 5 minutes on foot from Takanawadai Station on the Toei Asakusa Line. Admission is 1,500 yen for adults, or 1,300 yen with online reservation. Among the 1,300-piece collection, which includes 6 National Treasures and 33 Important Cultural Properties, works are displayed in four annual special exhibitions.

The museum's appeal extends beyond its artworks. The Japanese garden on the grounds displays seasonal beauty, and special viewing tours are available for the tea house "Shoan." A 2-3 hour visit combining art appreciation and garden strolling is recommended.

Attractive Spots in the Surrounding Area

Cultural facilities are scattered around the museum, including the Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum (5-minute walk), the Institute for Nature Study attached to the National Museum of Nature and Science (5-minute walk), and Happo-en (3-minute walk). Along Shirokanedai's "Platinum Street," sophisticated restaurants and cafes line up, making it an area enjoyable for a full day.

For accommodation, the Sheraton Miyako Hotel Tokyo (5-minute walk) is recommended. It offers comfortable stays with rooms overlooking Japanese gardens and multiple restaurants.

Best Timing for Your Visit

The Butterfly Mother-of-Pearl Maki-e Box is not permanently displayed but shown during special exhibitions. Check the exhibition schedule on the museum's website before visiting. The quietest viewing environment is right after opening on weekdays. When viewing the work, observing from a 45-degree angle reveals the most beautiful iridescent glow of the mother-of-pearl.

This National Treasure embodies the Japanese aesthetic concept of "mono no aware" while demonstrating exceptional technical mastery. The Butterfly Mother-of-Pearl Maki-e Box continues to offer new discoveries and emotions even after 800 years. When visiting Tokyo, be sure to encounter this pinnacle of Japanese craftsmanship.