The Miraculous Floating Sanctuary - An Invitation to Itsukushima Shrine

A vermillion torii gate shimmers among the gentle waves of the Seto Inland Sea. This mystical sight - floating on water at high tide, accessible on foot at low tide - embodies the unique charm of Itsukushima Shrine. Registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996, this shrine stands as one of Japan's Three Most Scenic Views and continues to captivate over 4 million visitors annually from around the world as a sacred site preserving the aesthetic sensibilities of the Heian period.

Located on Miyajima Island (officially known as Itsukushima) in Hatsukaichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, this shrine boasts a history spanning over 1,400 years since its founding in 593. The entire island is considered sacred, and the shrine buildings constructed over the sea to avoid defiling this holy ground represent an architectural style that has earned worldwide acclaim for its uniqueness.

Why a World Heritage Site? The Unparalleled Value of Itsukushima Shrine

Itsukushima Shrine earned its World Heritage designation due to its innovative architectural structure. The unprecedented attempt to recreate Heian period shinden-zukuri architecture over the sea was realized by Taira no Kiyomori in 1168. Fifty-six buildings appear to float on the water, elegantly connected by approximately 275 meters of vermillion-lacquered corridors.

Particularly noteworthy is the architectural technology adapted to tidal changes. The corridor floorboards feature intentional gaps designed to release wave pressure during high tides. Furthermore, 108 pillars placed at one-meter intervals have protected the buildings from typhoons and storm surges for over 800 years. This architectural philosophy harmonizing with nature represents the very essence of Japanese culture recognized by the world.

Taira no Kiyomori's Vision of Paradise on the Sea

The deep connection between Taira no Kiyomori and Itsukushima Shrine represents one of the most fascinating stories in Japanese history. After becoming governor of Aki Province in 1146, Kiyomori decided to reconstruct Itsukushima Shrine following a divine revelation in a dream. In 1168, at the height of his power as Grand Minister, he invested enormous wealth to complete the magnificent structure we see today.

Kiyomori's vision encompassed not only religious devotion but also political and economic strategy. The Taira clan controlled maritime trade in the Seto Inland Sea, positioning Itsukushima Shrine as a crucial point on trade routes with Song Dynasty China. By introducing court culture from Kyoto and dedicating gagaku music and bugaku dance performances, he elevated a regional shrine to a national sacred site.

The "Heike Nokyo" sutras, dedicated in 1164, consist of 33 scrolls transcribed by the entire Taira clan, decorated with gold, silver, and mother-of-pearl. These luxurious works remain treasured possessions of the shrine today.

Two Spectacular Views Created by the Tides

The greatest appeal of Itsukushima Shrine lies in its completely different appearances depending on the tide level. At high tide (water level above 250cm), the entire shrine complex appears to float on the sea in a fantastical scene. The sight of vermillion buildings reflecting on the calm water surface truly resembles a paradise on the sea. High tide at sunset is particularly breathtaking, with the shrine glowing in the western sun creating reflections on the water surface.

Conversely, at low tide (water level below 100cm), the usually submerged base of the torii gate is exposed, allowing visitors to walk up to it. The experience of looking up at the massive gate - 16.6 meters tall and weighing approximately 60 tons - from up close is overwhelming in its grandeur. Remarkably, this enormous torii stands solely by its own weight without being embedded in the ground.

Seasonal Charms and Annual Events

In spring (March to May), approximately 1,900 cherry trees bloom across the island, creating a stunning contrast with the vermillion shrine buildings. The Peach Blossom Festival on April 15 features dedications of bugaku dance and Noh performances.

Summer's highlight is the Kangen Festival held on the 17th day of the 6th lunar month (July 11 in 2025). This festival, where Heian period court music is performed on the sea, is one of Japan's three great boat festivals. The sight of the ceremonial boat proceeding across the water while gagaku music plays is like witnessing a Heian period scroll painting come to life.

Autumn (October to November) is the season of fall colors. About 200 maple trees in Momijidani Park turn brilliant red, creating a stunning three-color harmony of the vermillion shrine, autumn leaves, and the blue Seto Inland Sea.

Winter (December to February) sees fewer tourists, allowing visitors to experience the shrine's original sanctity in a quiet atmosphere. The New Year's Saidan Festival features bugaku performances from 5 AM, solemnly celebrating the new year.

The Spectacular View of the Seto Inland Sea from Mount Misen

A must-visit alongside Itsukushima Shrine is Mount Misen, standing at 535 meters. Known as a sacred mountain where Kobo Daishi practiced asceticism, the summit offers panoramic views of the Seto Inland Sea's island beauty. Take the Miyajima Ropeway (2,000 yen round trip) to Shishiiwa Station, then hike 30 minutes to reach the summit.

Mount Misen's highlight is the "Eternal Flame" that has burned continuously for 1,200 years. This sacred fire also serves as the source for the Peace Flame in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. The mountain features mystical spots including peculiar rock formations and Daishoin Temple associated with Kobo Daishi.

Momijidani Park spreads at the foot of Mount Misen, and the autumn foliage season from mid to late November is not to be missed. The contrast between the vermillion drum bridge and autumn leaves is a hugely popular spot for photography enthusiasts.

Miyajima Gourmet - Paradise of Oysters and Momiji Manju

Miyajima's culinary highlight is oysters raised in the nutrient-rich waters of the Seto Inland Sea. The best season is from November to February, with various preparations available including grilled oysters, fried oysters, and oyster rice. "Yakigaki no Hayashi" is a popular restaurant where lines are guaranteed.

Momiji manju (maple leaf-shaped cakes) are the classic Miyajima souvenir. Besides traditional sweet bean paste, various flavors are available including custard, chocolate, and matcha. Particularly popular is age-momiji (fried momiji manju) with its perfect crispy texture.

Anago-meshi (conger eel rice) is another must-try specialty. This local dish features conger eel from the Seto Inland Sea grilled with sweet-savory sauce. "Ueno," with over 100 years of history, is particularly famous.