A Tendai Vinaya Temple Site, Historic Site since 2008

Former Grounds of Tomyoji Temple (等妙寺旧境内, Tomyoji Kyukeidai) lie in Kihoku Town, Kitauwa County, Ehime Prefecture, designated a national Historic Site on 28 March 2008. The classification is a temple or shrine site, and the period medieval.

The Agency for Cultural Affairs records it as a temple of the Tendai Vinaya school, standing at about 300 metres above sea level on the northern foot of Mount Kakkodake, 1010 metres high, in the Onigajo range of southwestern Ehime.

It was founded in 1320 by Rigyoku, a disciple in the second generation from Echin, and became one of the four distant ordination platforms of Hosshoji. An ordination platform is where monks receive the precepts, and this was designated one of them.

Four Districts and Some Twenty Terraces

The Agency sets out the extent of the grounds.

A valley opening to the north was terraced across an area some 400 metres north to south and 250 metres east to west, divided into four districts. Within them, about twenty level areas carrying foundation stones and other building remains can be seen.

A valley in the hills was cut into terraces and buildings placed on them. Rather than ranging a precinct on level ground, the site steps the terrain and sets its buildings within it.

The widest terrace is the principal residence, whose stone retaining wall stands 6 metres high and runs 25 metres. The Agency calls it imposing. What is singled out is the retaining wall rather than the foundation stones.

Across the valley to the east are two groups of stone-piled graves. Living and worship on one side, burial on the other, divided by the valley.

The Finds Fix the Period of Use

The Agency lists what was recovered: imported ceramics, domestic ceramics, earthenware and metalwork, a varied assemblage showing that the temple was in use from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century.

Imported ceramics are wares brought in through trade. They show that imported goods reached a temple in the hills. Together with domestic ceramics and earthenware, the range of sources was wide.

The temple was founded in 1320 and burned down entirely in 1588. The span of the finds, from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, matches the period between founding and fire.

In the Edo period it was rebuilt under the patronage of the Date lords of Uwajima and continues to this day. Because the rebuilding took place elsewhere, the old grounds remain as a site.

The Assessment Turns on the Revival of the Precepts

One passage of the Agency's assessment states what this site shows.

Much remains unclear about how the Tendai Vinaya school spread through the provinces, including where its temples actually stood; but these grounds, well preserved, are important as showing in concrete form the movement to revive monastic discipline within Kamakura Buddhism.

That movement sought to restore the observance of monastic rules in the Kamakura period. How it worked out in the provinces is not known, the evidence being thin.

The site matters as a concrete instance within a picture that is otherwise obscure. The concessive opening, much remains unclear, is what fixes its standing.

Its having been one of the four distant ordination platforms of Hosshoji answers to that same standing as evidence of provincial spread.

Visiting

The grounds lie in the hills at about 300 metres above sea level. This is a site rather than a facility.

The retaining wall of the principal residence, 6 metres high and 25 metres long, is the most substantial thing to see on the ground. About twenty terraces and the two grave groups to the east also remain.

Being in the hills, the site calls for checking the weather and the state of the footing before setting out. It can be hard to reach under snow or after rain.

The site is in Kihoku Town, Kitauwa County, Ehime Prefecture. Check the town's information for routes and current conditions.

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Q&A

QWhen was the site designated?
AOn 28 March 2008, as a national Historic Site, classified as a temple or shrine site with the period given as medieval. It lies in Kihoku Town, Kitauwa County, Ehime Prefecture, at about 300 metres above sea level on the northern foot of Mount Kakkodake.
QWhat kind of temple was it?
AThe Agency records a temple of the Tendai Vinaya school, founded in 1320 by Rigyoku, a disciple in the second generation from Echin, which became one of the four distant ordination platforms of Hosshoji. An ordination platform is where monks receive the precepts.
QHow are the grounds laid out?
AA valley opening to the north was terraced across some 400 metres north to south and 250 metres east to west, divided into four districts holding about twenty level areas with foundation stones. The widest, the principal residence, has a retaining wall 6 metres high and 25 metres long, which the Agency calls imposing.
QWhy was it designated?
AThe Agency records that much remains unclear about how the Tendai Vinaya school spread through the provinces, but that these grounds, well preserved, are important as showing in concrete form the movement to revive monastic discipline within Kamakura Buddhism.
QDoes the temple still exist?
AThe Agency records that it burned down entirely in 1588 but was rebuilt in the Edo period under the patronage of the Date lords of Uwajima and continues to this day. Because the rebuilding took place elsewhere, the old grounds remain as a site.

Basic Information

NameFormer Grounds of Tomyoji Temple (等妙寺旧境内, Tomyoji Kyukeidai)
LocationKihoku Town, Kitauwa County, Ehime Prefecture
DesignationHistoric Site (monuments), classified as a temple or shrine site
Year Designated2008 (28 March), Historic Site
QuantityThe Agency's quantity field is blank
DimensionsA valley opening to the north, terraced across some 400 metres north to south and 250 metres east to west, divided into 4 districts with about 20 level areas carrying foundation stones. The retaining wall of the principal residence stands 6 metres high and runs 25 metres. 2 groups of stone-piled graves lie east across the valley. Medieval
OwnerThe Agency's managing body field is blank
Public AccessA site in the hills at about 300 metres above sea level, not a facility

References

Cultural Heritage Online: the former grounds of Tomyoji
https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/212210
Kihoku Town: Tomyoji
https://www.town.kihoku.ehime.jp/site/toumyo-jitemple/
Kihoku Town: the Tomyoji site
https://www.town.kihoku.ehime.jp/site/kanko-e/toumyouji-iseki.html
Agency for Cultural Affairs, National Cultural Properties Database
https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/

Last verified: 2026.09.04