Sacred Implements of Enlightenment: Discovering the National Treasure at Itsukushima

Among the countless cultural treasures preserved in Japan's temples and shrines, only two sets of esoteric Buddhist ritual implements have earned the distinction of National Treasure status. One of these extraordinary sets resides at Itsukushima Shrine on the sacred island of Miyajima, where the gilt bronze surfaces gleam with the same spiritual radiance that has captivated practitioners and pilgrims for over seven centuries.

Created during the Kamakura period (1185-1333), these five ritual implements represent the pinnacle of Japanese Buddhist metalwork, combining profound spiritual symbolism with exquisite artistic craftsmanship. Each piece serves as both a functional ritual tool and a work of art, embodying the wisdom and compassion at the heart of esoteric Buddhism.

The Five Sacred Implements

The National Treasure designation encompasses five distinct ritual implements, each with its own spiritual significance and artistic merit. At the center stands the five-pronged vajra bell (goko-rei), measuring 20.9 centimeters in height, its bronze surface adorned with intricate engravings of Sanskrit seed syllables representing the Four Buddhas of the Womb Realm mandala.

Surrounding this central piece are three types of vajra scepters: the single-pronged vajra (tokko-sho) at 18.5 centimeters, the three-pronged vajra (sanko-sho) at 18.8 centimeters, and the five-pronged vajra (goko-sho) at 19.4 centimeters. Each vajra features demon masks at its grip and delicate lion-mouth ornaments at the prong bases, demonstrating the metalworker's extraordinary attention to detail.

These implements rest upon a vajra plate (kongo-ban), a four-lobed platform measuring 21.8 by 28.6 centimeters, supported by three beast-shaped legs. The plate's surface features heart-shaped perforations and a central pedestal for the bell, creating a complete ritual ensemble that has remained intact since its creation.

Symbolism and Spiritual Significance

In esoteric Buddhism, these ritual implements serve as powerful symbols of enlightenment and spiritual transformation. Originally derived from ancient Indian weapons, they were reimagined as tools for conquering the inner enemies of ignorance, attachment, and aversion. The vajra, meaning "thunderbolt" or "diamond" in Sanskrit, represents the indestructible nature of enlightened wisdom.

The five-pronged vajra specifically symbolizes the Five Wisdoms of the Five Dhyani Buddhas, representing different aspects of enlightened consciousness. When wielded in ritual practice, these implements are believed to channel divine energy, purify negative karma, and establish sacred space for spiritual transformation. The bell's clear tone awakens practitioners to their Buddha nature, while the vajras cut through delusion to reveal ultimate truth.

The complete set's preservation as a unified ensemble makes it particularly valuable for understanding medieval Japanese Buddhist practice. Unlike many ritual implements that have been separated over time, this set allows us to appreciate how these tools functioned together in actual ceremonial contexts.

Artistic Excellence of the Kamakura Period

The creation of these implements represents the zenith of Kamakura-period metalworking techniques. The artisans employed the sophisticated lost-wax casting method, achieving remarkable precision in even the smallest decorative details. The gilt bronze surface, created through mercury amalgam gilding, has retained its lustrous golden appearance despite centuries of use and veneration.

What distinguishes these pieces as masterworks is their perfect balance between functional design and aesthetic refinement. The implements demonstrate what art historians call "wa-yo" or Japanese style, characterized by elegant proportions, refined surface treatment, and a harmonious integration of decorative elements that never overwhelm the essential form.

The delicate engraving work, particularly visible on the bell's surface where treasure flowers and arabesque patterns interweave with Buddhist iconography, showcases techniques that would influence Japanese metalwork for generations. The precision required to execute such fine detail on curved surfaces speaks to the extraordinary skill of Kamakura-period craftsmen.

Visiting the Treasure Hall

While these National Treasures are not permanently displayed due to conservation requirements, they occasionally appear in special exhibitions at major museums across Japan. The Itsukushima Shrine Treasure Hall, located immediately to the left of the shrine's exit, houses reproductions and related artifacts that provide context for understanding these sacred implements.

The Treasure Hall itself, built in 1934, is a registered tangible cultural property featuring an unusual lacquered concrete construction. Open daily from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, it offers visitors the opportunity to explore over 260 items designated as National Treasures or Important Cultural Properties, including armor, swords, Noh masks, and the famous Heike Nokyo illuminated sutras.

Admission to the Treasure Hall costs 300 yen for adults, with combination tickets available at the Itsukushima Shrine entrance offering discounted access to both venues. The museum provides a quiet, climate-controlled environment ideal for contemplating these masterworks of Buddhist art, especially welcome after navigating the crowds at the main shrine.

Access and Practical Information

Reaching Itsukushima Shrine requires a scenic journey that adds to the pilgrimage experience. From Hiroshima Station, take the JR Sanyo Line to Miyajimaguchi Station (approximately 30 minutes), then board the ferry to Miyajima Island (10 minutes). The shrine and Treasure Hall are a pleasant 15-minute walk from the ferry terminal through the bustling Omotesando shopping street.

For optimal visiting conditions, consider arriving early morning or late afternoon to avoid peak crowds. The island experiences its highest visitor numbers between 10 AM and 3 PM, particularly during weekends and holidays. Spring (March-May) and autumn (October-November) offer the most comfortable weather, though these seasons also attract the most visitors.

International visitors should note that while English signage is limited in the Treasure Hall, the visual impact of the artifacts transcends language barriers. Audio guides are not currently available, but the museum's minimalist presentation style allows the objects to speak for themselves.

Exploring Miyajima's Cultural Landscape

A visit to see these ritual implements can anchor a broader exploration of Miyajima's rich cultural heritage. The island offers numerous temples and shrines beyond Itsukushima, including Daisho-in Temple, the premier Shingon Buddhist temple on the island where esoteric practices continue today. Here, visitors can observe contemporary uses of ritual implements similar to the National Treasures.

The Five-Story Pagoda and Senjokaku (Thousand Tatami Hall) near the shrine provide architectural context for understanding Kamakura and later period Buddhist culture. Mount Misen, accessible by ropeway, offers hiking trails passing through primeval forest to temples and stunning viewpoints, allowing visitors to experience the sacred landscape that has inspired religious practice for over a millennium.

For those interested in traditional crafts, Miyajima Traditional Craft Center showcases the island's famous woodworking traditions, including the production of shamoji (rice paddles) and other carved items that demonstrate continuity with historical artisan techniques.