National Treasure

Held at the Sonkeikaku Bunko in Tokyo, this National Treasure comprises four late-Heian manuscripts of the Ruijū Kokushi—Sugawara no Michizane's 205-volume classified history completed in 892 under Emperor Uda. Covering auspicious omens, earthquakes, and Buddhist rites, they are vital for reconstructing the lost Nihon Kōki and for modern earthquake research.

The Gotoh Museum in Setagaya, Tokyo, preserves the National Treasure 'Six Patriarch Shouldering a Pole,' a thirteenth-century Southern Song ink painting bearing the seal of the painter Chokuō. Rendered in the delicate mōryōga style with washes of pale ink and selective accents of dark ink, the scroll depicts Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Chan Buddhism, at the life-changing moment he hears the Diamond Sutra. An inscription by Chan master Enkei Kōmon dates the work with unusual precision. Discover the history, artistic value, and visiting information for this masterpiece.

Held by the Nezu Museum in Tokyo's Minami-Aoyama district, Fishing Village at Sunset (attributed to Muqi) is a National Treasure and one of the supreme achievements of Southern Song ink painting. A scene from the famous Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, it bears the seal of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and is exhibited only rarely, every few years.

Housed at the Nara National Museum, the Gyūhi Keman are a set of thirteen fan-shaped Buddhist pendant garlands of ox-hide, cut in openwork and painted on both faces with kalavinka and hōsōge arabesques. Originally preserved at Tō-ji Temple in Kyoto, they date to the 11th century and are the oldest surviving leather keman of this form in Japan.

The 3,184 wooden tablets (mokkan) excavated from the Heijō Palace Site in Nara were designated a National Treasure in 2017—the first time in history wooden tablets received this honor. These contemporary primary sources reveal the daily administration and life of 8th-century Japan in ways no compiled history ever could, now accessible at the Heijō Palace Site Museum within the UNESCO World Heritage area.

Rebuilt in 1299 after a lightning fire, Bannaji Hondō in Ashikaga keeps an esoteric plan under Zen-style bracketing. It was named a National Treasure in 2013.

The Rinnoji Temple Taiyuin Mausoleum at Nikko, tomb of shogun Iemitsu, has 21 listed buildings of about 1653, its gilded main hall group a National Treasure.

Three matching Kasuga-style halls at Uda Mikumari Shrine, Nara, the first dated 1320 by its ridge beam, with carved struts on every face and a reworked Second Hall.

Standing beside the Yoshino River in Gojo City, Nara Prefecture, the Octagonal Hall of Eisan-ji is a National Treasure built between 760 and 764 by Fujiwara no Nakamaro to honor his father Muchimaro. Together with the Yumedono of Horyu-ji, it is one of only two Nara-period octagonal halls that survive in their original form. Inside, faded but visible eighth-century paintings of bodhisattvas and celestial beings still remain on its pillars and beams.

Twin guardian shrine halls beside the main hall of Enjoji in Nara's hills: the oldest known Kasuga-zukuri buildings, and a National Treasure since 1953.

Discover the Kairyuoji Five-Story Small Pagoda, Japan's smallest National Treasure pagoda, designated as architecture rather than a craft object. Standing only 4.01 meters tall yet faithfully built as a complete five-story structure, this rare Tenpyo-era masterpiece has been enshrined within the West Golden Hall of Kairyuoji Temple in Nara for approximately 1,300 years, offering a rare window into eighth-century Japanese pagoda design closely related to Yakushiji's East Pagoda.

A 5.5-meter wooden pagoda from the late Nara period, built inside like a real tower with mitesaki brackets and equal bays, now shown in Gangoji's Horinkan museum.

The Zen Room at Gangoji is an early Kamakura dormitory rebuilt with Nara-period timber. Learn to read its door-and-window facade, its windows and its old tiles.

Gangoji's Main Hall in Nara was rebuilt in 1244 from part of a Nara-period dormitory. See its east-facing gable, nenbutsu records carved in 1171 and ancient tiles.

The Niōmon of Kinpusenji Temple in Yoshinoyama, Nara, is a towering two-story medieval gateway rebuilt in 1456. Standing over 20 meters tall, it is one of Japan's largest temple gates, designated a National Treasure and a core component of the UNESCO World Heritage site "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range." Uniquely, it faces north—the opposite direction of the main hall—to welcome pilgrims arriving from Kyoto and Osaka toward the sacred mountains. The gate is currently undergoing its first major restoration in seventy years, with completion scheduled for fiscal year 2028.

Towering over the cherry-covered ridge of Yoshino-yama in Nara, Kinpusen-ji's Main Hall (Zao-do) is Japan's second-largest wooden historic structure at roughly 34 meters tall. As the head temple of Shugendo mountain asceticism, it enshrines three colossal hidden statues of Zao Gongen and is registered as both a National Treasure and a UNESCO World Heritage core asset of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range. Discover its Momoyama-era architecture, sacred interior, and spiritual significance.

Kofuku-ji's Five-Storied Pagoda in Nara, founded in 730 by Empress Komyo, is a National Treasure and the second-tallest wooden pagoda in Japan at 50.9 meters. The current 1426 structure is a symbol of the ancient capital, now undergoing a major restoration from 2022 to 2034.

Standing quietly within the precincts of Kofukuji Temple in Nara City, the Three-Storied Pagoda is a National Treasure originally built in 1143 through the patronage of Empress Kokamon'in Shoshi, consort of Emperor Sutoku. After being destroyed in the 1180 burning of Nara, it was rebuilt in the early Kamakura period in faithful imitation of the original Heian style. Approximately 19 meters tall, the pagoda is celebrated for the refined delicacy of its timbering, its elegant silhouette, and a unique interior program of four thousand Buddha paintings arranged across X-shaped panels between the four central pillars. Its interior is opened to visitors only on July 7 each year during the Benzaiten ceremony.

Standing within the Kōfuku-ji precincts in Nara, the Tōkondō (Eastern Golden Hall) was originally founded in 726 by Emperor Shōmu as a prayer for the recovery of his aunt, the retired Empress Genshō. The present hall was rebuilt in 1415 in a deliberate revival of the eighth-century Tenpyō style, modeled on the Kondō of Tōshōdai-ji, and was designated a National Treasure in 1952. Its interior houses an extraordinary assembly of Buddhist sculptures—including the National Treasure statues of Yuima Koji, Monju Bosatsu, the Twelve Heavenly Generals, and the Four Heavenly Kings, along with the Important Cultural Property Yakushi Triad—making it one of the most richly endowed halls in the World Heritage Site of Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara.

Tucked into the northwestern corner of Kōfuku-ji in Nara, the National Treasure Hokuendō is an octagonal hall first built in 721 to memorialize Fujiwara no Fuhito and rebuilt in 1210 in the Kamakura style. Widely praised as Japan's most beautiful octagonal hall, it combines rare triple-stepped brackets, triple-rafter eaves, and hexagonal ground rafters with Unkei workshop masterpieces including Maitreya and the Asanga–Vasubandhu figures, viewable during special spring and autumn openings.