A house built around a well

South of the Niomon, facing east, sits a small hall whose purpose is written into its name. Aka is the water offered to Buddhist deities, and the Akaido of Kangi-in is the house that draws and keeps it. The building goes back to the late Edo period, somewhere between the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and it covers only about 15 square meters under an irimoya roof of copper.

Inside, the plan is unusually direct. A square earthen-floored room, three meters on a side, holds a well at its center, and beside it a single chamber enshrines Suitengu, a deity associated with water. A wooden railing is set around the wellhead, left open rather than boxed in, so the source stays visible.

A quiet member of the registered group

Along with seven other structures near the Shoden hall, the Akaido was placed on the national register of Tangible Cultural Properties on 2 May 2017. The listing turns on its part in the historic landscape rather than on scale or fame, and it records a working element of temple ritual that is easy to overlook.

Water for offerings is not incidental at a temple of this kind. Having a dedicated, well-made structure to house the source says something about how the daily life of worship was organized here, and the Akaido preserves that arrangement in built form.

Small, but finely finished

For so plain a function, the carpentry is generous. The rainbow beam (koryo), the projecting nose-pieces (kibana), and the curved eave supports (shirin) all carry careful carving, so that a utility building reads as something closer to a chapel. The open railing around the well keeps the interior legible from the doorway.

Stand at the east front and look in. The single well at the center, ringed by its low fence, makes plain what the whole structure is for.

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Q&A

QWhat does 'aka' mean?
AAka is water offered to buddhas and Buddhist deities, from a Sanskrit term. An akaido is the building that supplies and stores that sacred water, here drawn from a well inside.
QWho is enshrined in it?
AA chamber beside the well enshrines Suitengu, a deity connected with water, which suits the building's role as the source of ritual water.
QIs the interior open to visitors?
AThe Akaido is a functional ritual structure rather than a viewing hall. The precinct around it is open, and the building can be seen from its east front.
QWhere is it in the grounds?
AIt stands to the south of the Niomon gate and faces east, a short distance off the main line of approach.

Basic Information

NameAkaido (Sacred Well House), Kangi-in (歓喜院閼伽井堂)
Location1511 Menuma, Kumagaya, Saitama Prefecture
DesignationRegistered Tangible Cultural Property (building)
Registration dateMay 2, 2017
Registration no.11-0162
Count1 structure
Periodlate Edo period (about 1751–1830)
StructureSingle-story timber hall, irimoya (hipped-and-gabled) roof in copper sheeting; building area 15 m²
OwnerKangi-in (religious corporation)
AccessAbout 30 min by bus from Kumagaya Station to Menuma Shoden-mae, then a short walk
VisitingThe precinct is open without charge; a viewing fee applies to the National Treasure Shoden hall

References

Agency for Cultural Affairs, National Cultural Properties Database — Akaido (Sacred Well House), Kangi-in
https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/bsys/maindetails/101/00011451
Kumagaya City Web Museum — Kangi-in Shoden-do
https://www.kumagaya-bunkazai.jp/museum/jousetu/syoudendou/about.htm
Kumagaya Chamber of Commerce, Tourism — Menuma Shoden-zan
https://kumagaya-syoukoukai.jp/%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1/%E5%A6%BB%E6%B2%BC%E8%81%96%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%B1/

Last verified: 2026.07.02