Heian

Designated as a National Treasure, Kokin Wakashū Volume 5 (Kōya-gire) is the oldest surviving manuscript of Japan's first imperially commissioned poetry anthology and a supreme masterpiece of kana calligraphy. Written around 1050 CE, this scroll of autumn poems showcases the dynamic Second Style attributed to Minamoto no Kaneyuki. Discover its profound significance, the three distinct calligraphic styles, and where to appreciate this millennium-old treasure.

A tachi signed "Shinbo saku," once a National Treasure and now an Important Cultural Property of unknown whereabouts. Related blades survive in Yamagata and Tokyo.

The Nihon Shoki Jindai Jōkan Dankan is a rare manuscript fragment of Japan's first official chronicle, transcribed in the late 8th to early 9th century. Designated an Important Cultural Property, it preserves the foundational myths of the Age of Gods—creation, the birth of the islands, the sun goddess Amaterasu—in pure classical Chinese without later reading marks, ranking among the oldest extant copies of the Nihon Shoki and bearing the distinguished provenance of poet-scholar Sasaki Nobutsuna.

A precious fragment of the Lotus Sutra in gold ink on indigo paper, handwritten by Fujiwara no Michinaga — the most powerful nobleman of the Heian period — and buried at the summit of Mount Kinpu in 1007. Housed at the Tokyo National Museum, this Important Cultural Property is among the earliest sutra mound artifacts in Japan, bearing witness to the deep Buddhist faith of the Heian aristocracy.

Calligraphy by the Southern Song Chan master Xutang Zhiyu on wax-coated paper, an Important Cultural Property prized as a tea-room scroll, privately held in Tokyo.

A single handscroll recording a waka poetry contest at the court of Emperor Daigo, hosted by a consort, preserving the verses and verdicts of a Heian gathering.

The Kachomon Kei is a Heian bronze ritual gong from Nara, decorated with flowers and birds and struck during Buddhist services as a signal. Designated in 1953.

A twelfth-century Heian lacquer box for a court cap, worked in hyomon with silver and gold set flush into black lacquer. A Kasuga Taisha treasure that lost its lid.

Four scrolls of the Kunoji Sutra, a decorated Lotus Sutra copied by the circle of Retired Emperor Toba, a National Treasure since 2017 and the oldest such set.

The Dai Hannya Kyō at Wakasa-hiko Shrine in Obama City, Fukui Prefecture, is a nationally designated Important Cultural Property — a remarkably rare complete set of 600 hand-copied sutra scrolls from the early Heian period. Written on brown hemp paper by skilled copyists, this extraordinary collection has been preserved for over a millennium within the syncretic Shinto-Buddhist tradition.

Discover the Iwashiro Yoneyama-ji Sutra Mound Excavated Items, a nationally designated Important Cultural Property housed at the Sukagawa City Museum in Fukushima Prefecture. This assemblage — including an inscribed ceramic outer container dated 1171, a bronze sutra cylinder, a small knife, a bronze mirror, a sword guard, and iron arrowheads — offers a vivid window onto late Heian-period sutra-mound beliefs rooted in mappō thought and devotion to the future Buddha Maitreya.

A privately held Heian straight sword in Fukushima, an Important Cultural Property since 1989. Its central shinogi ridge points toward the curved Japanese sword.

A Heian tachi in Fukushima, archaic in its rounded back and tang cord-hole yet built in ridge-line shinogi style, marking the shift toward the curved Japanese blade.

Unearthed from the wooded hillside behind Kōshakuzan Tennoji in the famous hot-spring town of Iizaka, this late Heian ceramic sutra container was designated a National Important Cultural Property in 1936. It is a quiet but powerful witness to how the late-Heian piety of sutra burial reached the northeastern provinces of Japan, and a compelling reason to extend any visit to Iizaka Onsen with a stop at this ancient temple.

Discover the rare wooden Kichijoten statue in Fukushima, a privately owned 9th-century Heian-period Important Cultural Property held at the Fukushima Museum in Aizu-Wakamatsu, reflecting the deep Buddhist legacy of "Buddhist Capital Aizu" connected to Nara's Kofukuji.

This Tang dynasty manuscript (7th–8th century) is the oldest surviving copy of Volume 6 of the Shishuo Xinshu (Shishuo Xinyu), a celebrated Chinese anecdote collection. Designated as a National Treasure, this fragment features elegant Tang calligraphy, Heian-period reading marks, and esoteric Buddhist texts on the verso — a testament to over a millennium of Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.

Held by Nachisan Seigantoji Temple in Nachikatsuura, Wakayama Prefecture, this small gilt-bronze thin-relief plaque of Ratnasambhava is part of a three-dimensional Vajra Realm Mandala buried by the monk Gyoyu in 1130 in hope of rebirth in the Pure Land of Nachi. Excavated in 1918 and designated an Important Cultural Property in 1937, it stands as a singular example of a metalwork mandala in Japan and a precious witness to the flourishing of Kumano faith in the late Heian period.

Held in Gamagōri City, Aichi Prefecture, this Important Cultural Property is a rare Heian-period manuscript scroll preserving the records of two eleventh-century waka poetry contests. Part of the canonical twenty-volume Ruijū-utaawase compilation, it offers a vivid window into the courtly poetic culture of the era and the literary life of provincial governor-poets.

A Tang manuscript of a poetry collection in the Osu library of Hoshoin, Nagoya, a National Treasure.

Held in the Hosa Library in Nagoya, the Song Edition of the Taiping Shenghui Fang (Kanazawa Bunko Version) is a Southern Song printed copy of the imperial medical encyclopedia originally compiled in 100 volumes by Wang Huaiyin under the command of Emperor Taizong. Designated an Important Cultural Property, it traveled from Hōjō Sanetoki's Kanazawa Bunko through Toyotomi Hidetsugu and Tokugawa Ieyasu to the first Owari lord Tokugawa Yoshinao. The 24 surviving printed booklets, supplemented by 27 Keichō-era manuscript volumes, bear the distinctive 'Kanazawa Bunko' and 'Gohon' seals on every volume, making it a primary witness to East Asian medical history.